Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) possess a unique ability to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This characteristic has led extensive research in diverse fields, including biomedical imaging, medicine, and optoelectronics. However, the potential toxicity of UCNPs raises considerable concerns that necessitate thoro

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Polymer nanocomposites manifest a groundbreaking class of materials synthesized by incorporating nanomaterials into a polymer matrix. This meticulous dispersion of nanoparticles, including silica, at the nanoscale drastically enhances the mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of the conventional polymer. The resulting nanocomposites exhibit a